Toner, developer, image forming apparatus, and image forming method
US9851649B2 · kind B2 · utility
Assignee
Inventors
Key dates
| Filing date | Nov 27, 2013 |
| Grant date | Dec 26, 2017 |
| Priority date | — |
| Expiry date | Nov 27, 2033 |
Classification
- Technology area (CPC G)Physics
- CPC primaryG03G15/0126
- WIPO fieldOptics
- WIPO sectorInstruments
Abstract
A toner includes a binder resin including a copolymer resin containing structural units derived from crystalline and non-crystalline resins, respectively. Spin-spin relaxation time (t50) of the toner at 50° C. measured by pulse NMR is ≦0.05 msec., spin-spin relaxation time (t130) at 130° C. when warmed from 50° C. to 130° C. is >15 msec., and spin-spin relaxation time (t′70) at 70° C. when cooled from 130° C. to 70° C. is ≦1.00 msec. A binarized image obtained by binarizing a phase image of the toner observed by a tapping mode AFM based on intermediate value between maximum and minimum phase difference values in the phase image includes first phase difference images constituted by large phase-difference portions and a second phase difference image constituted by a small phase-difference portion. The first phase difference images are dispersed in the second phase difference image. The dispersion diameter of the first phase difference images is 150 nm or less.
Source: USPTO / EPO open patent data. Objective bibliographic and citation counts.